Large Fireback Dated 1563 (110x107 Cm)

Fireback with saddleback or pentagonal top, dappled cross and stuck foot, dated 1563 between two stars on two coats of arms bearing the monogram FB or PB entwined with a cord, a pointed crescent, the shield surrounded by a victory hat. A set of balls runs around the periphery of the plate. Proof dating from the 19th century. This model of plate found in the southwestern quarter of France is typical of the provinces of Angoumois, Marche and Saintonge in the north and Aquitaine, Navarre and Béarn, Roussillon and in Languedoc to the south. The initials FB for François and Benoit Chaussard, children of Barnabé who follows, or PB for Pierre Mareschal and Barnabé Chaussard, located in Lyon, printer-booksellers were among the precursors of printing in France from 1490. They held a deposit of books in Toulouse in 1507. The bookstore became part of the growing corporation at that time in this city where the sale of books was free for a tax. Eustache Mareschal (1498-?), son of stone, definitively took over the management from 1519 to 1543. Henri Mareschal, whose parentage is not known, was one of the few booksellers to practice after 1562, the year of the troubles between Protestants and Catholics, causing the death of approximately 3,000 to 5,000 people in this city, especially the printer-booksellers and their families without distinction and burning a number of works and workshops, these are the beginnings of the first war of religion. Their corpus is largely religious, moral and doctrinal or literary with plays combining the sacred and the novel and some utilitarian works of astronomy, medicine and botany among others. They have acquired a considerable notoriety thanks to the quality of their works as well as to the formats chosen, frequently in-8°, easy to propagate. Eustache Mareschal and Jean Domaysel printed the first edition of the concordat signed between Pope Leo X and François 1er, in 1524. The two families of Protestant faith, early Huguenots like many in the corporation, had to flee the city of Lyon between 1567 and 1572, the date of “Lyon vespers” synonymous with the reconquest of Catholicism, following the massacre of several hundred Reformed. Our last photo, the mark of Pierre Mareschal and Barnabé Chaussard: German crest bearing the letters P and B linked by a cord, with two stars with twelve rays in chief, the crest surmounted by a crown of marquis. This plate was found in Montendre in Charentes. His weight is 154 kg. Chronology of printing and bookstores: 1492-1515: Association Mareschal-Chaussard 1515-1543: Eustache Maréchal, son of Pierre, book depository in Toulouse 1516-1527: Barnabé Chaussard 1527-1529: Jeanne de la Saulcée, widow Chaussard 1529 : Jean Lambany 2nd husband widow Chaussard 1530-1551 : Jean Cantarel 3rd husband widow Chaussard 1552-1560 : François and Benoît Chaussard son Barnabé 1562 ? : Henri Mareschal 1568-1573: Jean Mareschal (bookseller) and Pierre Bernard (printer) Short history of printing in Lyon in the 15th century taken from the history of printing in Lyon from its origins to the present day. First book, undated, but published by the archbishop, October 22, 1466. Page 46. First book dated, October 15, 1473 by Le Roy (first printer from Lyon) and Buyer. Page 47 More than fifty printers are listed in the city during the last quarter of the 15th century, including Mareschal from 1490. Sources: - History of printing in Lyon from its origins to the present day, Aimé Vingtrinier, 1894. Pages 19 and 20 / 28, 29 and 30 / 107 and 108, 122 and 123. - Study report by Clémence MIELLET, 2014, Library curator diploma: Barnabé Chaussard and his successors: 1492-1560. - Religious wars, history and expiation: around the Toulouse riot of May 1562 by Pierre-Jean Souriac, 2013 https://journals.openedition.org/chretienssocietes/3536 - Memoirs of the archaeological society of the south of France, Volume 56, 1996. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65803064/f1.item.r=MARESCHAL - Critical review of history and literature, by P. Meyer, Ch. Morel, G. Paris , H. Zotenberg, November 19, 1883, n° 47 paragraph 232. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k92906v.image.r=MARESCHAL.f411.hl - L'Ariège picturesque, illustrated weekly review , June 27, 1912, 1st year n° 2 page 3. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k965011c/f5.item.zoom - Society for the History of French Protestantism, The protestant printer Quentin Mareschal, 1598-1620, tome 47, page 494, 1898 - Printers and booksellers of the department of Vienne (outside Poitiers), by A. De la Bouralière, 1896. Thanks to Mme Christine Chazeau for her research and her pugnacity. You can visit our website: www.claudeaugustin.com