A precocious artist, he was first a pupil of his father before training with Léon Bonnat, Gustave Boulanger and Élie Delaunay. He made his debut at the Salon des Artistes Français (as early as 1887), winning an honorable mention in 1889, a third medal in 1894, a second medal in 1895 and a silver medal at the 1900 Universal Exhibition (corner of Office toile monumentale, donated by Rothschild to the Musée de Grenoble). He exhibited in Brussels in 1910 and was included in the Salon des Artistes Français in 1940. He painted landscapes, still lifes, portraits and seascapes, and was a teacher to many painters, including the Brazilian Pedro Alexandrino Borges (Portrait by RL Chrétien exhibited at the Pinacothèque Nationale de Sao Paulo, as well as a still life).
Works by René Louis Chrétien can be found in museums in Amiens, Angoulême, La Rochelle, Liège, Mulhouse, Niort, Reims...